1. Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 & MCI Guidelines
Establishes the Medical Council of India (MCI) (now replaced by the National Medical Commission).
Regulates medical education and the ethical conduct of doctors.
Ensures accountability for medical negligence and unethical practices.
Patients can file complaints against erring doctors for negligence, malpractice, or professional misconduct.
Example: A doctor prescribes unnecessary surgeries to patients for financial gain. PALS can assist the patient in filing a complaint with the Medical Council for disciplinary action.
2. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
Regulates manufacture, sale, and distribution of drugs and cosmetics.
Ensures only approved and safe medicines are available in the market.
Prevents sale of expired, substandard, or counterfeit drugs.
Example: A hospital provides expired medicines to patients, leading to complications. PALS can file a complaint with drug regulatory authorities.
3. Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
Ensures accessibility in healthcare for persons with disabilities (PWDs).
Provides equal rights to treatment, emergency care, and insurance benefits.
Prevents discrimination against disabled patients.
Hospitals must have disabled-friendly infrastructure (ramps, wheelchairs, sign language interpreters, etc.).
Example: A hospital denies admission to a visually impaired patient, citing a lack of facilities. PALS can help the patient file a legal complaint for discrimination.
4. Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994
It prevents illegal organ trading and trafficking.
Ensures ethical organ donation with proper consent.
Protects both organ donors and recipients from exploitation.
Establishes guidelines for organ transplant procedures.
Example: A patient is pressured into donating a kidney for money. PALS can report the illegal act to medical authorities.
5. Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
Ensures mental health patients receive dignified treatment.
Prohibits forced hospitalization (except in emergencies).
Provides legal protections for individuals suffering from mental illnesses.
Establishes rights such as privacy, informed consent, and non-discrimination.
Example: A hospital detains a psychiatric patient against their will, even after recovery. PALS can initiate legal proceedings against wrongful detention.
6. Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016
Holds hospitals accountable for proper medical waste disposal.
It prevents the spread of infections and environmental hazards.
Ensures segregation, treatment, and disposal of infectious medical waste.
Example: A hospital disposes of used syringes and medical waste in open areas, leading to infections. PALS can report the violation to environmental and health authorities.
7. Consumer Protection Act, 2019
Recognizes patients as consumers and healthcare services as a service.
Patients can file complaints against medical negligence, overcharging, and unfair practices.
Provides for compensation in case of medical malpractice.
Example: A hospital charges a patient double the actual bill amount. PALS can assist in filing a complaint before the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
8. Right to Information Act, 2005
Patients can access their medical records, hospital policies, and treatment details.
Ensures transparency in government healthcare institutions.
Helps patients hold hospitals accountable for discrepancies.
Example: A government hospital refuses to provide a patient with medical test results. PALS can help the patient file an RTI request.
9. The Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
Empower the government to take preventive measures during epidemics.
Regulates quarantine, hospital admissions, and public health safety.
Prevents discrimination against patients suffering from infectious diseases.
Example: During COVID-19, a hospital refuses treatment to a patient based on fear of infection. PALS can report the violation to health authorities.
10. The Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010
Ensures all hospitals meet minimum quality standards.
It prevents overcharging and mismanagement in private hospitals.
Provides guidelines on emergency treatment, patient rights, and hospital transparency.
Example: A hospital denies treatment to an accident victim, citing lack of payment. PALS can file a complaint with regulatory authorities.
11. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971
Regulates safe and legal abortion services.
Ensures privacy and informed consent for women seeking abortions.
Protects women from forced pregnancies and unsafe medical procedures.
Example: A hospital refuses to provide an abortion to a woman despite legal eligibility. PALS can assist in legal action against the hospital.